Archive for the 'tips' Category

Distraction, another Form of the Two Great Wastes™, Leads to Project Failure

Wednesday, February 14th, 2007

There's no independent study I'm quoting today. No, I'm just sharing what I've been observing. In yesterday's post on Silence Is a Project and Career Killer, the authors of the study emphasized that team members need to be speaking. My experience is that most team members, at one time or another, do speak about their concerns for the project. But others — team members, leaders, managers, and clients — are too distracted by their own concerns to pay attention to the speaking. I mean, really pay attention. The kind of attention that requires putting the laptop cover down. The kind of attention that keeps you from answering the telephone during the conversation. The kind of attention that the person speaking walks away knowing that s/he has been listened to by you. That kind of attention. Read the rest of this entry ¶

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Choose Your Mood

Tuesday, August 30th, 2005

The Project Reformer's e-Tip of the Week
044: Choose Your Mood

Projects are challenging. Projects are exciting. Projects are wonderful. Projects are challenging. (Oops, said that already!) Projects are all those things at the same time for different people on the project. What we get to see is a mix of moods. Some of those moods may not be helping what needs getting done in the moment. Pay attention to what is needed on the project and choose your mood to support that activity. Here are some of those moods:

Planning:
speculation, prudence, ambition
Producing:
determination, resourcefulness, focus
Creating:
playfulness, experimenting, optimism
Learning:
openness, curiosity, patience
Collaborating:
inviting, engaging, listening

And if you can't produce an appropriate mood for yourself, ask for help.

Inspired by a Seth Godin posting Inside and Outside.
The Project Leaders' Studio™


©2005 Hal Macomber | RPM | e-Tip Archive | PDFs | Submit Tip
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Adopt a Pace for Project Work

Monday, July 18th, 2005

The Project Reformer's e-Tip of the Week
043: Adopt a Pace for Project Work

Toyota uses the term mura — inconsistency or unevenness — to identify one of the contributors to defective work. Unevenness gets in the way of completing what we set out to do. In a physical sense, variability in drill speed would result in poor quality of a drilled hole. Variability in the ingredients of a batch of batter would result in bad cookies. Six Sigma is the a western response to attacking unevenness. Low variability in the variables of a process is referred to as high process capability. In other words, high process capability results in high quality results.

Low variability in the project setting is harder to get our heads around. The desired outcome — always getting the intended result — is less a function of the materiel process than human processes. There are two keys to high project capability. First, what we ask people to do is already in a condition for completing it. Second, people manage the promises they make.

Pacing project tasks is one way to eliminate one source of variability. This has similar effect as pacing a production line. Performers always know what is coming at them next and when they have to deliver. Establish a drum beat for doing work by designing tasks so they all take roughly the same duration to complete. For instance, establish a schedule for completing design details on an everyday basis rather than batches of different sizes. This will improve the reliability of completions which aids follow-on performers depending on that work as input to their work. The overall effect is to counteract the compound effects of dependence and variability.

The Project Leaders' Studio™


©2005 Hal Macomber | RPM | e-Tip Archive | PDFs | Submit Tip

I intend to publish 9 more Project e-Tips before ending this series. What have I left out? What help can you offer? Please send along your proposals.

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Match Project Assignments to Performer Capability

Monday, June 13th, 2005

The Project Reformer's e-Tip of the Week
042: Match Project Assignments to Performer Capability

If you've been around the lean movement for even a short time, then you've encountered the Japanese term muda; it means waste. Lean gets shortened to mean do only those things that add value for the customer. This is an over-simplification. Toyota uses two other terms: muri — overburdening people, process, the system, or equipment — and mura — unevenness or undue variation in the process or product. To be lean, whether in a production setting or a project setting, it takes addressing all three, usually concurrently.

One of the mistakes we make on our projects that keeps us from being lean is planning for the work without regard to who will do the task and that person's capability and interests. Some teams go so far as to plan full-time equivalent (FTE) personnel. This has the effect of de-personalizing (de-humanizing?) the work of the project team. The result is a plan, schedule, and budget that don't match the reality of the project. And we wonder why a project plan is not achievable?

Good project planning matches the work with the interests and capability of the specific people on your project. Even the beginner project manager understands that competence matters when we ask people to do a task. Interests might matter more. A team member who wants to learn something new comes to the task internally motivated to do his/her best. A person who loves one kind of activity but dreads another will perform differently on the two kinds of work.

What is a project manager to do? Simply, talk to your team as a whole to learn what people are capable of doing, what they have time to do, and what work most inspires them. Then do your project planning. Oh, and do that plan as a team exercise rather than your own task. There's no telling what you'll learn from them! When you are done you'll have a project plan that doesn't inadvertently over-burden your team. That's not to say that at one time or anther there won't be a crunch doing the work. But you'll know that and you'll know that you've matched the task to a specific person. Next week I'll offer a tip on minimizing mura on your project.

Learn more in the Project Leaders' Studio™


©2005 Hal Macomber | RPM | e-Tip Archive | PDFs | Submit Your Tip
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Be Patient, Rather than Press for Drastic Change, the Project Reformer’s e-Tip

Monday, April 11th, 2005

The Project Reformer's e-Tip of the Week
041: Be Patient, Rather than Press for Drastic Change

Shorten the project schedule.
Eliminate the delays on the project.
Get people working in all available areas.
Do it right the first time.
Cut the budget!

Does any of this sound familiar? It should, we hear it all the time on projects. But just calling for change doesn't work. Projects and project teams require care and attention, and on top of that change takes time.

People do what they do because they've been doing it for quite some time. The more we repeat our actions the more we limit our view of what is possible. You want to implement the Last Planner System®? Good luck! People have been trained to rely on a WBS, the CPM, and calculations of float to manage their projects. You can't replace what they know with what they don't know. They won't let you.

Succeeding with organization change takes persistence and patience, with an emphasis on patience. Being patient is not passive. Stay actively engaged with those people who must change. Encourage them. Acknowledge them. Appreciate their efforts. And…stay with them so you don't miss their moment(s) of breakthrough.

Inspired by Taiichi Ohno as recounted by Jeffrey K. Liker in
The Toyota Way, p. 98.
The Project Leaders' Studio
The Last Planner System is a registered trademark of the Lean Construction Institute.


©2005 Hal Macomber | RPM | e-Tip Archive | PDFs | Submit Tip

What tips do you have for running projects more successfully?

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Hope Is Not a Project Strategy, The Project Reformer’s e-Tip

Tuesday, April 5th, 2005

There are warning signs that commitments might be missed. Learn to focus your listening on a speaker's doubt.


The Project Reformer's e-Tip of the Week
040:Hope Is Not a Project Strategy

I've been having some fun lately attending clients' project meetings. It's great seeing project teams plan collaboratively and make commitments to accomplish work. But, I'm worried. I don't recall attending a meeting where someone hasn't said, "I hope to get this done by…" and then the meeting just moves along to the next item. I'll repeat here what I say every time I hear "I hope…"

Hope is not a project strategy.

When we say, "I hope…" we are announcing some doubt we have about what we are setting out to do. Don't just continue in the conversation. Explore the doubt. What is it that is beyond our control? What are we missing to carry out our promise? Who are we depending on for wherewithal? Answering these questions (and others) can shift mere hope towards confidence — one way or the other — of fulfilling our promise.

Replace the positive attitude of hope with positive actions for results. Our team is expecting nothing less from us.

This e-Tip was inspired by a participant comment at a workshop and the book Hope Is Not a Strategy: The Six Keys to Winning the Complex Sale, by Rick Page. href="http://www.complexsale.com/HopeIsNotAStrategyreview.pdf">Read the 10-page book summary.
The Project Leaders' Studio™


©2005 Hal Macomber | RPM | e-Tip Archive | PDFs | Submit Tip

I have four more e-Tips in queue. How about some suggestions from readers?

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Prepare Your Team for Uncertainty, the Project Reformer’s e-Tip

Tuesday, December 14th, 2004


Keep your team ready to respond and adjust to the changing circumstances of the project by including them in regular planning conversations.


The Project Reformer's e-Tip of the Week
039: Prepare Your Team for Uncertainty

Project managers spend way too much time tweaking their plans — without guidance from the team — only to be faced with the inevitable oops!!

There is a higher probability that things will accidentally go wrong in a project than that things will accidentally go right.

Fundamentals of Project Management, James P. Lewis

Planning is preparation for those who will be in action. We waste our time when we plan by ourselves. Have planning conversations. Engage your team — the project performers — in those conversations. Review the overall plan on a regular basis. Add details to later phases of your project as you go taking into consideration what really happened, what you've learned, changing client conditions of satisfaction, and the innovations that you've put in place.

When you plan with your team they will be prepared to adjust to the inevitable uncertainty.

Thanks go out to Dr. Gerry for reminding me of the quote. The Project Leaders' Studio™


©2004 Hal Macomber | RPM | e-Tip Archive | PDF | Submit Tip

Send me your proposals for Project e-Tips.

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Project e-Tip 038: Interested in Change? Start Using a “To-Don’t List”

Wednesday, December 8th, 2004

Organizational change is one of the harder changes to make. It takes leadership, attention, and changes in routines. I prepared today's e-Tip for project managers and project executives who are introducing lean project delivery approaches.


The Project Reformer's e-Tip of the Week
038: Start Using a "To-Don't List"

Bosses listen up…

How you spend your time matters far more than what you say when it comes to your staff or project team members. Are you holed up in your office or out where the work of the project happens? Do you stop when you walk a jobsite to fix a safety railing, pick up trash, and help someone struggling with a difficult task? Do you spend vastly more time asking questions or do you give direction?

Make no mistake, your staff and your team notice how you spend your time. They watch so they can survive. It's that simple.

Want to produce change? You need to give as much attention to what you choose not to do as you give to what you say is important. Focus. That's right, focus. Do one, maybe two things intensely for an extended period of time. I'm not saying the organization should stop doing everything else. No. I'm saying for you to stop doing everything else. Put all those other things on your "To-Don't List." That "To-Don't List" is a source to give your staff development opportunities. You can't bring about change if you haven't changed what you put on your calendar. Full stop.



This Project e-Tip was inspired by Tom Peters' manifesto This I Believe appearing on ChangeThis! and in his booklet Project04: Snapshots of Excellence in Turbulent Times TIB# 48. For more on project leadership visit The Project Leaders' Studio™


©2004 Hal Macomber | RPM | e-Tip Archive | PDF | Submit Tip

Now, how about some e-Tip proposals from readers. I have pleny of great books that I'm ready to give out.

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Project e-Tip 037: Peter Drucker Advises Us to Ask a Great Question

Tuesday, November 30th, 2004

I have the pleasure of attending many project meetings. Some are well-run; others seem to just go through the motions. I was in a meeting this morning with an architectural team. The team was going through the promises they made to remove constraints for the construction members of their team. The project architect took the team from one open commitment to the next checking on how team members were doing fulfilling their promsies. The team got bogged down just once. It only took Peter Drucker's question to get them focussed again. Here it is:


The Project Reformer's e-Tip of the Week
037: Ask a Great Question

The editors at Business 2.0 interviewed Peter Drucker for the year-end issue "How to Succeed in 2005." They asked, "What is it that executives never seem to learn?" Mr. Drucker answered that managers ask the same questions everyone else asks.

He says you need the attitude to not start with the question, "What do I want to do?" but with the question, "What needs to be done?" Mr. Drucker's second question places focus on the interests of the company or project and on execution.

Don't just try asking the question. Make it a habit. Write the question

"What needs to be done?"

across the top of your notebook. Post it under the clock on the wall where you have your project meetings. Add it to your email signature. Make a sport out of it; see how many times in the course of your project meetings you can ask and answer, "What needs to be done?"

Finish each conversation with someone making a reliable promise to do what needs to be done.

The Project Leaders' Studio™


©2004 Hal Macomber | weblog.halmacomber.com | e-Tip Archive | PDF | Submit Tip

What needs to be done at this minute? Get to it!

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Project e-Tip 036: Exercise Power Collaboratively

Tuesday, November 23rd, 2004

Your own power and authority will only get you so far. You'll gain power when you share it. So goes the argument of the editor of Harvard Business Review. Read on…


The Project Reformer's e-Tip of the Week
036: Exercise Power Collaboratively

One of my favorite business writers is Thomas A. Stewart. Stewart wrote for Fortune Magazine and Business 2.0 before joining Harvard Business Review as editor. He's not doing much writing anymore. However, he does write the opening essay for each issue of HBR. I open to it each issue. The October lead article is titled "Surprises for New CEOs," a collaboration of Michael Porter, Jay Lorsch, and Nitin Nohria. Their article is a winner. Stewart's commentary is unforgettable. Stewart sums up the article with the following:

"The more power you have, the more important it is to exercise that power collaboratively."

HBR's target readers are the leaders of our companies. Stewart's one sentence conclusion is good advice for all of us who find we are accumulating power and authority. This is especially appropriate for project managers on big, or complex, or troubled projects. It's also practical advice. Project leaders can't be in all places at once. Projects by nature are distributed in their organization and execution. Sharing power with project performers only accumulates more power for the leader. The organization functions better when each member is in the position to act with authority. Try it. Explore with your team how you can share power with them.

The Project Leaders' Studio™


©2004 Hal Macomber | weblog.halmacomber.com | e-Tip Archive | PDF | Submit Tip

Try this on your projects. First, discuss it openly with your project team. How collaborative are you in your leadership? You'll never know if you don't ask!

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Project e-Tip 035: Take the Time to Plan Outcomes before Activity

Wednesday, September 8th, 2004

I've been attending many project meetings lately. They all had one thing in common. People spoke about what they would be doing without talking about what that would accomplish. Planning starts with the promises you make. Once you get clear about what you will accomplish, then what you do becomes clear.


The Project Reformer's e-Tip of the Week
035: Take the Time to Plan Outcomes before Activity

The language of project planning includes the nouns: milestones, activities, tasks, and durations. We use these terms like there is a well-understood common meaning for each term. We also use these terms like the relationship between the terms is equally agreed upon. Neither are the case. In spite of what you might find in a dictionary of project terminology, people use these terms differently, even in the same company and on the same project team. I won't take on the task of producing standardization. I'll leave that up to others. But I want to address a major problem with our current planning.

Time after time people talk about their planning in doing terms using verbs rather than in the terms of the outcome of their doing using nouns. When we plan we want to place our attention first on what it is we are promising to produce — a product of our efforts. We can then get into what will it take us to produce that product. When we jump into the planning conversation saying what we will do first, then next, etc., we end up missing the key issues for satisfying our clients. Clients don't care about the doing. They care about the results (promises).

Start each planning session with the outcomes. Take all the time you and your team need to be clear about the conditions of satisfaction for the result. Check those outcomes with your client. Only then move onto how you will produce the result.

The Project Leaders' Studio™


©2004 Hal Macomber | weblog.halmacomber.com | e-Tip Archive | PDF | Submit Tip

Let's hear from you. Send me your tips on project management.

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Ten Rules for Project Managers (Project e-Tip 034)

Wednesday, August 25th, 2004

A reader suggested I post my list of top 10 rules for a project manager. Upon further consideration, I've decided to make it an expanded Project e-Tip. This one will not be displayed in the customary format. Today is the 730th day of my weblog. That's right, it's the last day of two years of blogging. Woo hoo! I'll go back to the Project e-Tip format next week.

I thought this would be easy. It wasn't. Readers regularly write me for advice on one thing or another. I've noticed a pattern in my responses. But it took me some time to settle on exactly ten "rules". I don't even like the word rules, unless rules are made for breaking. (Don't tell my teenage son that.) So I propose these "rules" in a spirit of collaboration. I'm looking forward to your comments, your proposed alternatives, and a few healthy arguments along the way.

© 2004 Hal Macomber. Reforming Project Management www.reformingprojectmanagement.com Share freely with attribution.
Ten Rules for Project Managers
By Hal Macomber, Project Reformer
  1. Adopt practices for exploring a variety of perspectives.
    We think we see what we see, but we don't. We really see what we think. Remember the blind men and the elephant. Make it your habit to inquire what others see. You'll see more together.
  2. Stay close to your customer.
    Clients' concerns evolve over the life of a project. Take advantage of that to over-deliver. Stay in a conversation with your client to adjust what you are doing.
  3. Take care of your project team.
    We've come to accept that the customer comes first…the customer is always right. We can't take care of the customer if we first aren't taking care of our project team. It's a challenge. While there are some things we can do for the whole team, it comes down to taking care of each team member as the individual that he or she is. And to make it more difficult, then we must bring their various interests into coherence.
  4. Keep your eye on the overall project promises.
    Project work can be difficult. It is easy to loose sight of what we are doing and why we are doing it. Remind your team and yourself of the overall promises and how you are doing fulfilling those promises.
  5. Build relationships intentionally.
    Project teams come together as strangers. To do great work…innovation, learning, and collaboration…all take people who like and care for each other. Don't leave that to chance. Start your projects by building relationships among team members.
  6. Tightly couple learning with action.
    Projects are wonderful opportunities to learn. Don't put that off for the after project lessons learned. Make it your habit to incorporate learning loops in all your project activities. Your team will appreciate it. Your customer will benefit from it. And best of all, it will make your job easier.
  7. Coordinate meticulously.
    A project is an ever-evolving network of commitment. Keep that network activated by tending to the critical conversations. See that people are making clear requests, promises that have completion dates, and share opinions that advance the purposes of the project. Without attention to those critical conversations the project will drift.
  8. Collaborate. Really collaborate.
    Make it your rule to plan with those people who will be the performers of the plan. Don't wait 'til the project has gone south to get their help. Start out that way. Continue collaborating as the usual way you work through the project.
  9. Listen generously.
    People are able to say what they can in the moment. For the most part, people are well-intended. Give them the benefit of the doubt. Take the time to listen. Ask questions. Seek others' opinions. And while you're at it, don't be so harsh on yourself.
  10. Embrace uncertainty.
    Expect the unexpected. There is far more that we don't know and can't know than what we can anticipate. Be resilient to what life throws at you. Anticipate that your team will learn something along the way that can and should change what you have promised and how you can deliver on your promises. And when you take a set-back — we all do sometime or another –review the other nine rules for how you can work your way out of it.

So there you have it. As I wrap-up my second year writing this weblog, I can confidently suggest that the above ten ideas will dramatically improve your projects. Are these ten rules the top ten? You decide. But don't take too long. Share these rules with your team. Your team members are sure to help you carry them out!

Some of my readers will notice that I left out one of the five big ideas: "optimize the project not the pieces". I didn't know what to do with that idea. It seems to me to be the advice to project participants rather than the project manager. What do you think?

Want a copy for printing? (8½ x 14) Ten Rules for Project Managers or this PDF version Ten Rules for Project Managers.

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Project e-Tip 033: Contract Only for that which You Understand

Wednesday, August 18th, 2004

One of the more provocative lean construction principles is make decisions (commit) at the last responsible moment. Our habit which is reinforced by project software is to go for the early start. That habit inevitably gets us into trouble. One reader proposes a practice that helps you follow the lean construction principle.


The Project Reformer's e-Tip of the Week
033: Contract Only for that which You Understand

This tip derives from a lean principle commit at the last responsible moment. A reader from South Africa sees this as sound advice, but argues it can result in much effort managing expectations. He suggests that we contract (promise) for only that which we understand. By breaking the project into a development phase and a performance phase you can develop an understanding of client wants and needs then make commitments based on that understanding.

Here's their two-step contracting process:

  • spend time with the client to understand his problem
  • contract with the client to develop the plan
  • conceptualize the solution
  • develop a project plan (time & budget)
  • contract with the client to implement
  • implement the solution

Results:

  • We have far less pain around scope changes
  • We have far less effort to manage expectations. These are clear. First contract: we'll tell you how and why. Second Contract: we'll implement.
  • We have a better relationship with the client - he feels more in control.

Projects run shorter. What we have done is buy some time for decent planning. During this time, we also do some testing and piloting. Free work you might suggest. But, it serves us well as we have all the answers when those creative scope change requests hit us on a Monday morning.

The Project Leaders' Studio™
This week's Project e-Tip was proposed by Mike O'Callaghan of Engen Petroleum, Ltd.


©2004 Hal Macomber | weblog.halmacomber.com | e-Tip Archive | PDF | Submit Tip

How about an e-Tip proposal for a friend?

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Project e-Tip 032: Don’t Mistake Obligation for Commitment

Wednesday, August 11th, 2004

There are plenty of ways breakdowns occur on projects. We don't need to add to them. One common problem is taking a short-cut to obligate others to take action rather than to secure reliable promises and freely given commitment.


The Project Reformer's e-Tip of the Week
032: Don't Mistake Obligation for Commitment

In this time of hyper-connectivity and simultaneous physical seperateness we see some extremely bad habits that create breakdowns, frustrations, and waste on our projects. One significant culprit is the emailed meeting request. We all know how it works, someone sends out a meeting request often at the last minute expecting that everyone that receives the request will show up at the meeting. With online calendars the meeting organizer can see that times are "free" and presumes that there will be no reason for saying no. Depending on the stature or rank of the meeting organizer people might understand that the only response is to accept the request or to just show up.

There are two mistakes in this scenario. First, one person can not make a promise for another person. The most you can do is to promise to get a promise-yes or a promise-no. The other mistake is in assuming that an "opening" on a calendar grants you authority to commit that time. This is not a matter of the technology. Technology only allows us to do what we will do anyway.

Projects are too often commitment-free zones. Take responsibility for activating a network of commitment rather than taking the seeming short-cut to obligate people. Nothing beats a group of people who are committed to complete tasks to the satisfaction of others on their team.

The Project Leaders' Studio™


©2004 Hal Macomber | weblog.halmacomber.com | e-Tip Archive | PDF | Submit Tip

This week's e-Tip comes to us at the suggestion of reader Linda Raymond of Lockheed Martin. By now Linda is enjoying The Blind Men and the Elephant, Mastering Project Work, by David Schmaltz as a gift for proposing an e-Tip that I published. There are more books as gifts where that one came from. I'm giving UNSTUCK, by Yamashita and Spataro as gifts for the next three e-Tips that I publish. Get yours!