The owner is worried about not knowing how all of his decisions shake out. The General can help, but rarely knows the intimate details of all of the trades. Simple–bring the trades in early, and incentivize them to criticize the design so that change orders during construction are minimized.

Understanding the market and presenting a plan that has a well defined scope is the best approach. If one goes into a project with the ability to adapt, they are better prepared to handle the changes that can occur on a project. PM’s must understand that the “best case scenerio” only works when you have total control of all the outside factors. Allowing for slack and seriously considering outside risks will confort all stakeholders of your project…………

Projects typically fail because the attitudes of the team members declines during those unexpected obstacles. A PM should continually be thinking about Murphy’s Law, and what the team can do to mitigate for those unexpected events……………..